Furniture material knowledge at a glance

Redwood

The so-called "redwood", from the beginning, is not a specific species of furniture, but a general term for rare hardwood high-quality furniture since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huanghua Pear: It is a unique species for our country. The wood is shiny and has a spicy taste; the texture is oblique and staggered, the structure is fine and uniform, and it is resistant to corrosion. Durable, hard and heavy material. Red sandalwood: Produced in subtropical regions such as India and other Southeast Asian regions. China has a small amount of production in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi. The wood is lustrous and has aroma. It turns purple reddish brown after a long exposure to the air. It is interlaced with arts and sciences, with dense structure, corrosion resistance, durability and hard and heavy materials. Rosewood: distributed in the tropical regions of the world, mainly in Southeast Asia and South America, Africa. China's Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong and Guangxi regions have been introduced and cultivated. The color of the material is relatively uniform, from light yellow to dark reddish brown, visible dark stripes, shiny, with slight or significant light aroma, staggered texture, fine and uniform structure (South America, Africa slightly thick) wear-resistant, durable, hard, High strength, usually floating in water. The rosewood in Southeast Asia is the best in Thailand, followed by Myanmar. Rosewood: tropical and subtropical, mainly produced in Southeast Asian countries. The wood color is uneven, the heartwood is orange, light reddish brown to dark brown, and the dark color is obvious. The wood is shiny, sour or sour, the text is diagonal and staggered, high density, greasy, hard and wear resistant. Chicken wing wood: distributed in the subtropical region of the world, mainly in Southeast Asia and South America, named after the texture similar to "chicken wings". The texture is staggered, unclear, the color is abrupt, the wood is not aroma, and the growth rings are not obvious. To sum up: the characteristics of "Redwood" furniture are: Advantages: 1) The color is darker, reflecting the antique style and used for traditional furniture. 2) The wood is heavier and gives a good quality. 3) The general wood itself has its own fragrance, especially sandalwood. 4) The material is hard, high strength, wear resistant and durable. Disadvantages: 1) Because of the small amount of production, it is difficult to have quality trees and the quality is uneven. 2) The grain and the annual ring are not clear, and the visual effect is not fresh enough. 3) The material is heavy and not easy to handle. 4) The material is hard, the processing is difficult, and cracking is prone to occur. 5) The material is greasy and easy to return to oil at high temperatures.

2. Oak

Oak is a parasitic genus, belonging to the family of beech, the heart of the tree is yellow-brown to reddish brown, the growth wheel is obvious, slightly wavy, heavy and hard. It is distributed in the north of China, Jilin, Liaoning, Hainan and Yunnan, but the quality material is It is rare to see that excellent oak still needs to be imported from abroad, and the fine materials are nearly 10,000 yuan per cubic meter, which is also an important reason for the high price of oak furniture. Characteristics of oak furniture: Advantages: 1) It has a distinctive mountain-shaped wood grain, and the touch surface has a good texture. 2) High grade, suitable for making European furniture. Disadvantages: 1) There are few high-quality trees, if imported, the price is higher. . 2) Due to the hard texture of the oak, it is more difficult to remove the water. The furniture made from the clean water has not been deformed after a year and a half. 3) The phenomenon of replacing oak with rubber wood in the market is widespread. If the customer's professional knowledge is insufficient, it directly affects the interests of consumers.

3. Rubber wood

Rubber wood is native to Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, etc. Domestically produced in Yunnan, Hainan and coastal areas, the raw materials for latex. The color of the rubber wood is light yellow-brown, the annual rings are obvious, the wheel boundary is dark, and the hole is very small. The wooden structure is thick and uniform. The texture is oblique and the wood is hard. Advantages: smooth cut surface, easy to glue, good paint coating performance. Disadvantages: rubber wood has odor, because of the sugar content, easy to change color, decay and insects. Not easy to dry, not wear-resistant, easy to crack, easy to bend and deform, wood processing is easy, and sheet processing is easy to deform.

4. Ash

The ash is mainly produced in the northeast and north China. Yellowish white (sapwood) or brownish yellow (heartwood). The annual rings are obvious but uneven, the wood structure is thick, the texture is straight, the pattern is beautiful, shiny, and the hardness is large. The ash has the characteristics of elasticity, toughness, wear resistance and moisture resistance. However, it is difficult to dry and warp easily. Good processing performance, but should prevent tearing. Smooth cut surface, paint, good adhesion performance.

5. Beech

Commonly known as eucalyptus. Heavy, hard, slow growth, distinct heart and sapwood. The texture is straight or oblique, water and corrosion resistant, and the processing difficulty is high, but the cut surface is smooth, wear resistant, high bonding requirements, good paint coloring and coating performance. Domestic furniture manufacturers mostly use eucalyptus as a raw material. Domestic manufacturers use eucalyptus as furniture material: Huari, Huafeng, HSBC, and Shuangye eucalyptus have the following disadvantages: 1) Slow growth, long growth cycle (hundred years), and low quality tree species. 2) The bonding requirements are very high and it is easy to crack at the joint. 3) The processing is difficult and there are many processing defects.

6. Walnut

A relatively high quality of walnuts, mainly produced in North America and Europe. Domestic walnuts are lighter in color. The black walnut is light dark brown with purple, and the string cut surface is a beautiful large parabolic pattern (large mountain pattern). Black walnuts are very expensive, furniture is usually made of veneer, and solid wood is rarely used.

7. Cherry wood

Imported cherry wood is mainly produced in Europe and North America. The wood is light yellowish brown and the texture is elegant. The string cut surface is medium parabolic pattern with small circle pattern. Cherry wood is also high-grade wood, furniture is also commonly used veneer, rarely used solid wood.

8. Maple

Maple is divided into soft maple and hard maple. It is a temperate wood. It is produced in the south of the Yangtze River basin until Taiwan, and is produced in the eastern United States. The wood is grayish brown to grayish red, the annual rings are not obvious, the official holes are many and small, and the distribution is even. The maple grain is staggered, the structure of the kidney is fine and uniform, the light weight is hard and the pattern is excellent. Easy to process, the cut surface is not smooth, and it is easy to warp when dry. The paint has good coating performance and strong glue. Mainly used for sheet metal thin surface.

9. Birch

The birch annual rings are slightly obvious, the texture is straight and obvious, the material structure is delicate and soft and smooth, and the texture is soft or moderate. Birch is elastic, easy to crack and warp when dry, not wearable. Good processing performance, smooth cut surface, good paint and gluing performance. Often used for carved parts, it is less useful now. The easy-to-divide feature is a multi-waterline (black line). Birch is a mid-range wood, solid wood and veneer are common. Produced in northeastern China, the wood is fine and pale yellowish, and the fiber has poor shear resistance, which is easy to "Qiqiu". Its roots and knots are multi-patterned. The ancients often used it as a door core decoration. Its bark is flexible and beautiful. Pu people have great feelings for this, often inlaid with scabbards and bows. Only the wood is juicy, and after the material is deformed, it is rare to see all the tables and chairs made of birch.

10. Beech

Heavy, sturdy, impact resistant, easy to bend under steam, can be shaped, nail performance is good, but easy to crack. It is a unique wood in Jiangnan with clear texture, uniform wood texture, soft and smooth color. It is heavier than most hardwoods and is prone to cracks during kiln drying and processing.

11. Pine

Pine is a kind of coniferous plant (common coniferous plants are pine, fir, cypress), which has the characteristics of pine scent, yellowish color, sputum, fast reflection to atmospheric temperature, easy swelling, and extremely difficult to dry naturally. Therefore, it needs to be manually treated, such as drying, degreasing to remove organic compounds, bleaching the uniform tree color, neutralizing the tree, making it difficult to deform. New Zealand pine (Chile): light yellow color, straight texture, easy to dry, small deformation, medium mechanical strength, good processing properties suitable for making furniture and various wood products. Argentinian pine: the color is yellowish, the density is relatively large, it is easy to crack, and the color difference is obvious. Brazilian pine (Uruguay): the color is yellowish, the culture is clear, the mechanical strength is medium, and it is suitable for making furniture and various wood products. Russian pine: It is the same product as the Northeast pine, just because of the difference in national boundaries, so if it is said to use Russian pine, there is no need to import. There are many kinds of pines in the Northeast, such as red pine (longer growth period, finer texture, reddish color), white pine (slower growth period, thicker texture). White pine includes many types. Pinus sylvestris, pine scales and cold sand are all northeast pines. Pinus sylvestris is easy to change color, and cold sand is one of the worst quality pines. It has little use.

12. Gooseberry

Domestic goosewood is produced in various provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River Basin. Foreign goosewood is produced in the eastern and southern states of the United States. The sapwood is yellowish white, and the heartwood is grayish brown or grassy green. The annual rings are slightly obvious. The light lines are light, the tube holes are the same size and evenly distributed. The texture is interlaced into a single board, the structure is very thin and uniform, shiny. Goose palm wood is easy to process, and the planing surface is smooth. Dry quickly without cracking, should be used as a carved piece, good paint and glue.

13. Yang Mu

The wood commonly used in northern China is soft, stable, and inexpensive. It is often used as an attachment to eucalyptus furniture and as a lacquered furniture. This is what the poplar is also called "small leaf yang", which often has a lustrous-like luster, so it is also called "satin yang", not the type of Soviet poplar, big leaf poplar, populus euphratica that was introduced in this century. Poplar often has a "scent", which is lighter than birch. Birch is slightly fragrant, often with a very fine brownish black water immersion line. This is the difference between the two.

14. Dumu

Also known as "Du Limu", the color is grayish-yellow, the wood is delicate and the texture is not much different, suitable for engraving. In the old days, this wood was used to engrave wood boards and stamps. I have seen the engraved version of the micro-carving trademark used by the Shanxi merchants. The characters in the square inch, the boat, the mountains, the houses and so on are exquisite, and there are hundreds of small heads on it, which is amazing. This edition is Du Mucheng.

15. Cypress

The cedar wood has a scent that can be used as a medicine, and the cypress can replenish the heart. Whenever people step into the lush Berlin, look at its nine distinct branches, inhale the secret of the heart, and think of the character of these millennium ancient wood cold and evergreen, it is easy to give people a spiritual purification. It can be seen from this that the ancients used cypress wood to make furniture. Cypress wood is yellow, fine, airy, water-resistant, and many knots, so folks use it to do "cypress wood." The good eucalyptus is also made of cedar, which is resistant to corrosion. The famous "Yellow Intestines" in the tombs of the ancient kings unearthed in Beijing's Dabaotai is a barrier formed by the stacking of thousands of cedars. It can be used for anti-corrosion. It can be seen that it is of a high level in wood planting.

16. Beech

It is found in all provinces of Jiangnan in China, and Fujian is rich in Fujian. The tree has a large diameter, a wide material width, and a beautiful pattern, especially with a strong fragrance, which can make the insects avoid. China's coffin boxes are famous in China and abroad, including clothing boxes, lying boxes (to the clothing box), top boxes and other varieties. There are only a few cases in the table and chairs in Beijing. In the old woodware, the eucalyptus is divided into several types according to the form, such as red peony, tiger skin scorpion, scutellaria, rosewood stalk, watercress scorpion, white scorpion, boat scorpion and so on.

17. Walnut wood

Shanxi Luliang and Taihang Ershan are rich in walnuts. Walnut wood is the finest material for Jin to make furniture. It has a hardwood-like luster, its texture is fine and asexual, easy to engrave, and its color is gray and soft. Its products are both in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of which are superior. Available for storage. Its wood features only fine-like needle-like brown eyes and a light yellow filament-like annual ring. Weight and eucalyptus.

18. Beech

The folks said that the walnut wood is not the result, the brown eye of the elm is flat and the color is dark and soft, but the shrinkage is small, and it can be used as the core of the door core. Often used with Korean wood and walnut wood. The elm is lighter than the walnut, the color is deep, the quality is loose, and the brown eye is large and scattered, which is the difference.

19. Nanmu

It is a kind of extremely high-grade wood. Its color is light orange and slightly gray, the texture is elegant and quiet, the texture is gentle and soft, no shrinkage, and there is a burst of fragrance in the rain. The southern provinces are all produced, but Sichuan is the best. The court of the Ming Dynasty was heavily used. At present, the Forbidden City in Beijing and the ancient buildings in Beijing are mostly constructed of Nanmu. Nanmu is not rotted and has a fragrance. The Royal Library, the Golden Paint Throne, and the interior decoration are mostly made of Nanmu. Important buildings such as Wenyuan Pavilion, Le Shoutang, Taihe Hall and Changling have Nanmu decoration and furniture, and are often used in conjunction with red sandalwood. It is a pity that many people do not know this today. They often regard it as a fetish mentality. They feel that the quality is not strong or heavy, and the color is not deep and not bright, so they are discarded. Insiders regard the texture as follows: Jinshen, Douban, Xiangnan, and Longan. In addition, in Shanxi and other places, it is often called "Southwood" such as mahogany, yellow pear and so on. The original intention should be wood from the south. It sounds very easy to be confused with this "nanmu", but I don't know.


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