The National Hardwood Board Association (NHLA) grading rules and recent market trends:
Red Alder: The rules for the classification of wood in this western United States are unique. The main points include: the kiln is dried, the surface is planed, and then the test is based on the better side. Surfaces with pin knots are considered natural features and are not considered defects. The basic grades include: SEL & BTR, Cabinet (Grade 1) and Wood Frame (Grade 2), which are similar to the corresponding grades of the National Hardwood Board Association (NHLA) classification rules. So you'd better choose to stay in close contact with your red eucalyptus supplier and find the best grade plate for your use.
Ash: When the net purchase is made of white (sapwood) or brown (heartwood), I always remind the buyer to refer to the hard maple color specification to purchase. These can be found on the last pages of the US Broadleaf Export Council grading guide, and of course in the National Hardwood Board Association grading rules. Light brown spots or mineral streaks (sometimes referred to as arrowheads) are also common, treating them as natural features and not as defects.
Aspen: In the United States, Popple (synonymous with poplar, American poplar), not to be confused with American Tulipwood, also known as Yellow Poplar, Latin name: Liriodendrum Tulipifera). Light brown mineral streaks are naturally occurring and are not considered defects.
Basswood: The thickness of the eucalyptus sheet used for Venetian blinds is typically 9/4 inch (57.15 mm), with black and brown mineral streaks allowed on the net surface. Dormant twig buds in the dormant period are not considered defects.
American Beech: It is the same as the standard grade in all respects, but occasionally there are brown mineral streaks that are not considered defects.
Yellow Birch: This northern tree species is often classified by sapwood netting or heartwood netting. Once again, I remind you to refer to the classification method of Hard Maple's color specification. After sorting by color, the FAS level will allow a width of 5 inches. Paper birch is much softer than birch wood. It has a lighter color and is distributed with brown spots and should not be mixed with yellow birch.
Cherry: This high-quality wood naturally has needles and gum streaks that are not considered defects. (In the net plan) The sapwood is not limited. Due to the rules of the National Hardwood Board Association, the cherry wood board containing heartwood is usually sold at 90/50, that is, 90% of the heartwood on one board and not less than 50% on the other board. . You have to ask the supplier what the proportion of heartwood and sapwood he sells.
Cottonwood: Sometimes some local suppliers in the United States refer to Aspen ((White Poplar), but don't confuse it with the American Liriodendron (Boxwood). Sometimes, poplar sheet saws for soft shutters. The cut thickness was 9/4 inch (57.15 mm).
American Elm: The purchase order should specify whether it is red or ash. The mineral streaks and purple mineral streaks often have several times the difference, but they are allowed on the net surface. .
Gum: Sapwood is often sold and there is no requirement for color specifications. When selling red eucalyptus, each net surface is required to be a red surface.
Hackberry: Sugarberry, sometimes referred to locally, is used to replace ash. Because the interior often has blue variations, it is best to buy surface-planed panels.
Hickory and Pecan: Hawthorn and Pecan are representative of North American pecans and American pecans. The bird's crepe and the purple mineral streaks extending from it are naturally occurring and are not considered defects. This heavier hardwood is prone to internal blue variations, and it is recommended to purchase planed timber to ensure good color. The minimum width of the FAS stage is allowed to be 4 inches.
Hard Maple: Most are often classified according to white (sapwood). These specifications are referred to in the grading guide. When sold as white plates of 1 and 2, the FAS rating allows a minimum width of 4 inches. When sold as a sapwood, the FAS rating allows a minimum width of 5 inches. When sold as a regular or unselected, the full color of the entire log should be stated. When selling brown sheets, all sapwood or white sheets are sorted out, and most of the clean surface will be heartwood. Gray-green mineral streaks are allowed in all clean grades.
Eastern Soft Maple: Typically soft maple in the red leaves of the northern United States and soft maple in the midwestern United States and silver in the south. It is important to negotiate with your suppliers because they differ greatly in appearance. Big. The soft maple of red leaves is similar to hard maple, and it is more uniform in color; while the soft maple color of silver leaves varies greatly, it can be seen that the wood texture is soft. Both species of wood can be seen with a variety of obvious shapes of aphid holes, which are sold at the defect-free level of the insect eye, and the wormhole is not considered a defect. According to the specifications in the grading guide, all soft maples can be classified by color.
Pacific Coast Maple: This western American tree species is classified as red oak (red birch) according to the grading guidelines. The main grades are Sel & Btr, General 1 and Frame. . It is sold in kiln dry and planed materials, with a good side, with needle joints, but not as defects. To get the best materials, check with your supplier to get the grade that best suits your needs.
Red Oak: In my most recent column, I used a considerable amount of space to discuss the regional differences in this important American hardwood. According to the American Hardwood Board Association standard, it is indeed allowed in the facet. There are mineral streaks. Fixed width red oak sheets are now easier to buy.
White Oak: It is distributed in the vast north to south of the United States, and it tends to be consistent in color. White oak produced in some areas of the Appalachian Mountains carries a variety of distinctly shaped locust holes, but is sold as a sound wormhole wood. According to the American Hardwood Board Association standard, the number of sapwood is not limited, but usually at least one side of the white oak is exported. Please consult your supplier for the classification criteria for their sapwood.
Chopped and cut red oak and white oak sheets, when classified, 90% of the net surface must exhibit texture or straight lines, respectively. The minimum width of the FAS rating is allowed to be 5 inches.
Sassafrass: Not easily purchased as sawn timber, and graded according to American Hardwood Board Association standards.
Sycamore: Deformation occurs during the drying process. It is recommended to grade after the kiln is dry.
American Tulipwood: It is widely known in the United States that it is called boxwood, a common nodular and scroll-like texture, and is not considered a defect. In higher grade boards, the darker purple to blue mineral color is limited, but is not limited in the general grade. Fixed-width gooseberry plates are now easier to buy. Because ordinary grade boards are generally dyed or painted during finishing, graying is allowed after shaving.
Walnut: Due to the limited supply of supplies and the growth characteristics of wood, the American Hardwood Board Association standard has been treated as a "edge ball" for this species of wood. The minimum width of the FAS rating is allowed to be 5 inches and the minimum length is allowed to be 6 feet. After steaming, the sapwood color will become darker, which will enhance the effect in the finishing process, so it is allowed without restriction. Please discuss with the supplier how to use the steaming process for the best results.
Willow: Commonly shaped and vortex-like textures, not considered defects.
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