Presenter: Li Shuping Alpine Medical Expert, China Mountaineering Association
Today, I tried to talk about the prevention and control of mountain diseases. After the lecture, we exchanged and shared our experience in this area.
Mountain sickness is a topic of great interest for mountaineering enthusiasts. Before climbing, we must understand the symptoms of mountain sickness, what are the performances, and how to deal with mountain sickness. This is very important for the success and success of mountain climbing.
Alpine sickness is not an exact name. In terms of usage, it is roughly divided into two types:
I. Highly endemic diseases in mountains, which do not occur in Other places. Only diseases that can occur in high mountains; such as: alpine reactions, alpine pulmonary edema.
Second, the mountains are common and prone to diseases such as snow blindness, frostbite, and stomach bleeding. These diseases are also found in other parts of the country, but they are more likely to occur in high mountains. These diseases are collectively referred to as alpine disease. The medical science is called high altitude disease. There is no difference between high altitude disease and high mountain disease. The concept is the same. Only because we are engaged in mountaineering, we are in a higher position, higher altitude than the altitude sickness, and the problem is even more serious. We call attention to mountain sickness.
Let us first discuss the unique environment of high mountains:
Since the first mountain disease occurs under special conditions under special conditions, it is necessary for us to understand the characteristics of the alpine environment.
First, the basic characteristics of the alpine environment: one is the geographical features: geology, landforms; the second is the climate characteristics.
Look at a table below, slightly
In physics, there are two concepts of air pressure, one is the concept of volume, and the other is the concept of quality. In fact, they are consistent and can be converted.
When doing this, in general, the book is basically calculated in thousands of degrees. ? ? ?
I added two heights, one is Lhasa Height (3,680m) and the other is Mount Everest. They have a close relationship with mountaineering. Several numbers in this table are typical. One data is at altitude in Lhasa. Atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen are reduced by one third, equivalent to 2/3 of the sea level. At an altitude of 5308 meters, the entire pressure and density are basically the same. On the sea level is 1/2, to six kilometers, dropped even lower, to 8000 meters, the entire pressure reduced by 2/3, basically equivalent to 1/3 of the sea level, so 8000 meters as a The height of the indicator, the pressure changes greatly here.
Atmospheric pressure, the image of speaking, per square meter of ground average withstands 10 tons of atmospheric pressure, sounds very large, but the human body is balanced outside the body, usually do not feel atmospheric pressure. One standard atmospheric pressure is 760 millimeters of mercury, which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars. (Mbar is a meteorological unit). The standard measure of standard atmospheric pressure is the atmospheric pressure at sea level at 45 degrees north and south at a temperature of 0 degrees. One atmosphere pressure refers to the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
The standard atmospheric pressure is a very accurate figure in measurement. Under standard atmospheric pressure conditions, each person has a surface area of ​​1 square centimeter to withstand 1.033 kilograms of air pressure, and the total weight can reach 15-18 tons. This figure is scary.
As the altitude increases, the air pressure gradually decreases. The decreasing curve is not a complete straight line. In addition to being affected by the altitude, it is also affected by the relationships of temperature, sunshine, latitude, terrain, temperature, and wind direction. The entire atmosphere of the Earth, 20,000 meters below the place, the air structure is basically stable, no change. The oxygen content is also 20.9%. Generally speaking, it can also speak 21%. From 0 elevation to 10,000, 20,000 meters height, this content does not change, and the air structure does not change.
The impact of atmospheric pressure on mountaineering is not significant, although it is very useful to the human body, such as diving and aviation diseases, because the rapid changes in pressure, the pressure changes in the body and changes in external pressure can not quickly reach a balance, Only cause problems. Mountaineering does not have to take these issues into consideration because mountaineering is a highly slowly rising process and the pressure inside and outside the body can be slowly balanced.
Today, I tried to talk about the prevention and control of mountain diseases. After the lecture, we exchanged and shared our experience in this area.
Mountain sickness is a topic of great interest for mountaineering enthusiasts. Before climbing, we must understand the symptoms of mountain sickness, what are the performances, and how to deal with mountain sickness. This is very important for the success and success of mountain climbing.
Alpine sickness is not an exact name. In terms of usage, it is roughly divided into two types:
I. Highly endemic diseases in mountains, which do not occur in Other places. Only diseases that can occur in high mountains; such as: alpine reactions, alpine pulmonary edema.
Second, the mountains are common and prone to diseases such as snow blindness, frostbite, and stomach bleeding. These diseases are also found in other parts of the country, but they are more likely to occur in high mountains. These diseases are collectively referred to as alpine disease. The medical science is called high altitude disease. There is no difference between high altitude disease and high mountain disease. The concept is the same. Only because we are engaged in mountaineering, we are in a higher position, higher altitude than the altitude sickness, and the problem is even more serious. We call attention to mountain sickness.
Let us first discuss the unique environment of high mountains:
Since the first mountain disease occurs under special conditions under special conditions, it is necessary for us to understand the characteristics of the alpine environment.
First, the basic characteristics of the alpine environment: one is the geographical features: geology, landforms; the second is the climate characteristics.
Look at a table below, slightly
In physics, there are two concepts of air pressure, one is the concept of volume, and the other is the concept of quality. In fact, they are consistent and can be converted.
When doing this, in general, the book is basically calculated in thousands of degrees. ? ? ?
I added two heights, one is Lhasa Height (3,680m) and the other is Mount Everest. They have a close relationship with mountaineering. Several numbers in this table are typical. One data is at altitude in Lhasa. Atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen are reduced by one third, equivalent to 2/3 of the sea level. At an altitude of 5308 meters, the entire pressure and density are basically the same. On the sea level is 1/2, to six kilometers, dropped even lower, to 8000 meters, the entire pressure reduced by 2/3, basically equivalent to 1/3 of the sea level, so 8000 meters as a The height of the indicator, the pressure changes greatly here.
Atmospheric pressure, the image of speaking, per square meter of ground average withstands 10 tons of atmospheric pressure, sounds very large, but the human body is balanced outside the body, usually do not feel atmospheric pressure. One standard atmospheric pressure is 760 millimeters of mercury, which is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars. (Mbar is a meteorological unit). The standard measure of standard atmospheric pressure is the atmospheric pressure at sea level at 45 degrees north and south at a temperature of 0 degrees. One atmosphere pressure refers to the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
The standard atmospheric pressure is a very accurate figure in measurement. Under standard atmospheric pressure conditions, each person has a surface area of ​​1 square centimeter to withstand 1.033 kilograms of air pressure, and the total weight can reach 15-18 tons. This figure is scary.
As the altitude increases, the air pressure gradually decreases. The decreasing curve is not a complete straight line. In addition to being affected by the altitude, it is also affected by the relationships of temperature, sunshine, latitude, terrain, temperature, and wind direction. The entire atmosphere of the Earth, 20,000 meters below the place, the air structure is basically stable, no change. The oxygen content is also 20.9%. Generally speaking, it can also speak 21%. From 0 elevation to 10,000, 20,000 meters height, this content does not change, and the air structure does not change.
The impact of atmospheric pressure on mountaineering is not significant, although it is very useful to the human body, such as diving and aviation diseases, because the rapid changes in pressure, the pressure changes in the body and changes in external pressure can not quickly reach a balance, Only cause problems. Mountaineering does not have to take these issues into consideration because mountaineering is a highly slowly rising process and the pressure inside and outside the body can be slowly balanced.
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