Researchers at the Nagoya City University in Japan published an article in the online version of the American Science Journal Neuron that pointed out that when they used mice to conduct experiments, they discovered a mechanism by which newly generated neural stem cells move within the brain. This discovery may help to develop new methods for treating brain diseases such as cerebral infarction.
Previously, researchers have known that neural stem cells mainly exist in the subependymal region of the lateral ventricle of adult mammals. Under normal circumstances, they are in a "sleep" state. Under special circumstances such as brain damage, neural stem cells can proliferate, migrate, and Differentiate into new neurons and glial cells, and then play corresponding roles in different parts of the brain, such as regenerating the damaged part or developing into cells related to the sense of smell and the like. However, how these neural stem cells move in the densely packed brain has never been understood by experts.
A research team led by Sawamoto and Yan, a professor of regenerative medicine at Nagoya City University, found that newly generated neural stem cells in the brain of mice pass through the gap of the most widely distributed astrocytes in the brain. After being stimulated by this protein, astrocytes will shrink their raised part back, thus giving a way for neural stem cells to move neural stem cells in the brain. Astrocytes are the most widely distributed type of cells in the mammalian brain. Many long and bifurcated protrusions protruding from the cells are filled between various nerve cells to support and separate the nerve cells.
The researchers further manipulated the neural stem cells of the mice to be unable to secrete the "SLIT" protein, and found that the neural stem cells moved very slowly, and the astrocytes no longer gave way to it, which shows that the "SLIT" protein makes Neural stem cells can move smoothly in the brain.
In the next phase of research, researchers at Nagoya City University will try to develop new methods that allow neural stem cells to move to designated sites efficiently, with a view to better treating brain diseases such as cerebral infarction.
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