New Edition - Pakistan Profile and Map

[Name] The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

[Area] 796,095 square kilometers (not including Pakistani-controlled Kashmir).

[population] 149 million, population growth rate of 1.9% (2004 figures). Pakistan is a multi-ethnic country, with 63% of Punjab, 18% of Sindh, 11% of Patan, and 4% of Baloch. Urdu is the national language, English is the official language, and the major national languages ​​are Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtu, and Baluchi. More than 95% of the residents believe in Islam (the state religion), a minority believe in Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism.

[Capital] Islamabad, with a population of about 1.04 million (2004 figures), located inland, 503-610 meters above sea level. It is a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct boundaries between the dry season and the rainy season. The average annual precipitation is 1143 mm and the maximum temperature is 47 °C. The lowest temperature is 0 °C.

[Head of State] President Pervez Musharraf, inaugurated on June 20, 2001.

[Major Holidays] March 23 is the National Day, and August 14 is the Independence Day.

[profiles] Located in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent, the Arabian Sea in the South, with a coastline of 980 kilometers. Except for the tropical climate in the south, the rest is subtropical. Hot and humid in the south, affected by the monsoon, the rainy season is longer; the northern part is dry and cold, and some places have snow all year round. The annual average temperature is 27 °C.

Pharaoh is part of British India. In 1858, the Indian monk was a British colony. In March 1940, the "All India Muslim League" passed a resolution on the establishment of Pakistan. In June 1947, the British announced the "Montbatten Plan" and implemented the partition between India and Pakistan. On August 14, the same year, Pakistan declared independence and became a dominion of the Commonwealth, including the eastern and western parts of Pakistan. On March 23, 1956, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was established and remains a member of the Commonwealth. It withdrew in 1972 and rejoined in 1989. In March 1971, the East announced the establishment of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and in December of the same year, Bangladesh officially became independent. In July 1977, Army Chief of Staff Zia Huck took over the government and imposed military law control. In December 1984, Huck became a popularly elected president through a referendum. In February 1985, Pakistan held a general election based on non-political parties, resulting in the National Assembly and the Senate. In April, a civilian government was formed by Hachihito as prime minister. In December, Huck announced the removal of the military and restored the revised 1973 constitution. In May 1988, Huck dissolved the National Assembly and the Hajyu government. In November, the People’s Party’s election won and regained power. In December, Wuram Ishak Khan was elected President and Bhutto was Prime Minister. In November 1990, Nawaz Sharif was elected prime minister. In October 1993, Beth Bhutto was elected as the Prime Minister for the second time. In October of the same year, Leggari was elected President. In November 1996, Be Bhutto was dismissed. In February 1997, Nawaz Sharif was elected as prime minister for the second time. In December, President Leggar resigned. In January 1998, Talar became president.

On October 12, 1999, Pervez Musharraf, the then Chief of Staff of the Army, took over the administration of sovereignty. As the chief executive officer, President Tarar stayed. On June 20, 2001, Musharraf became president. On 16 November of the following year, he was sworn in for a second term of five years. In October 2002, the elected government of PNG was established and Jamali, leader of the Muslim League (Lead Leader), became the Prime Minister. In June 2004, Jamali resigned and the chairman of the Muslim League (Lead Leader) Shujat took over. On August 28th, Shaukat Aziz was sworn in as the 23rd Prime Minister of Pakistan.

[Politics] After the Musharraf government came to power in October 1999, it devoted itself internally to revitalizing the economy and developing foreign relations with all countries. In April 2002, when Pakistan held a referendum, Musharraf won the legal status of continuing to serve as president for the next five years. In August, Musharraf issued the "Legal Framework Order (LFO)", announcing the restoration of the 1973 Constitution. In October, Pakistan held a general election. The Muslim League (leader) became the largest party in the National Assembly and united with other small parties. In November, the new cabinet was sworn in and Jamali became Prime Minister. In February 2003, the ruling coalition obtained more than half of the seats in the Senate election. On December 29, the National Assembly passed the 17th Amendment to the Constitution. On January 1, 2004, the Pakistani National Assembly, the Senate, and the four provincial councils passed a vote of confidence on President Musharraf, confirming his term of office until November 2007. In October, the Pakistani National Assembly and the Senate passed resolutions allowing President Musharraf to continue serving as Army Chief of Staff after December 31, 2004.

[Constitution] After the founding of the People's Republic of China, three constitutions were promulgated in 1956, 1962, and 1973. In 1977, Zia Huck exercised military control and suspended the constitution in part. In 1985, the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution was passed, granting the President the power to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet and to appoint and remove military leaders and judges. The 12th amendment to the Constitution, passed in July 1991, provides that the federal government has the power to establish special tribunals and courts of appeal to combat crime and rectify public order. In April 1997, the government of Sharif passed the 13th Amendment to the Parliament, canceling the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly and the Federal Cabinet, and dissolving the Provincial Assembly and the Provincial Cabinet, the Governor of the provincial capital, the chief of staff of the three armed forces, the Chairman of the Joint Committee, and the Supreme The power of the court judges is returned to the Prime Minister. Subsequently, the Pakistani Parliament passed the 14th Amendment "Anti-Triggering Law" aimed at prohibiting members from rebelling. After Musharraf took office in 1999, he issued an interim constitution order No. 1 and announced the suspension of the implementation of the constitution. In August 2002, Musharraf issued the "Legal Framework Order (LFO)", announcing the restoration of the Eighth Amendment to the 1973 Constitution and the Huck-era Constitution, which provides that the President has the power to dissolve the National Assembly, appoint the Chairman of the Joint Committee and the chief of staff of the three armed forces. . On December 29, 2003, the Pakistani Parliament approved the 17th Amendment to the Constitution, which stipulated that the President, after being approved by the Supreme Court, has the power to dissolve the Parliament and negotiate with the Prime Minister to have the right to appoint and dismiss the leaders of the armed forces.

[Parliament] Federal legislature. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1947, it was a one-horizon system. After the promulgation of the 1973 Constitution, the two-chamber system was adopted. It consists of the National Assembly (lower house) and the Senate (upper house). The National Assembly is elected by universal suffrage, and the Senate selects the Provincial Council and the National Assembly according to the principle of equality of seats in each province. There were 342 seats in the National Assembly, of which 332 were Muslim seats and 10 were special seats for minority sects. They were directly elected by Muslims and minority denominations. The National Assembly has one speaker and one deputy chairperson. The term of office of parliamentarians is five years. The Senate has 100 seats. The term of office of the members of the Senate is six years, and each half year will be retired. There will be one chairman and one vice-chairman for a term of three years. In October 2002, Pakistan held the election of the National Assembly. The Muslim League (Leaders) won 118 seats and became the largest party in parliament. The People's Party MPs won 81 seats, the joint action alliance won 60 seats, the Muslim League (Xiepai) won 19 seats, the Unified National Movement Party won 17 seats, and the remaining seats were won by other small parties or independents, Choudhury Amir Hussein is chairperson. In February 2003, Pakistan held a Senate election, with Mumen (leader sent) with 35 seats, joint action alliance with 18 seats, Populist parliamentary group with 11 seats, Unified National Movement Party with 6 seats, and Mumeng (Xiepai). In 4 seats, the rest of the seats were obtained by other small parties or independents, and Summero served as chairman of the Senate. In March 2006, the Palestinian Senate was re-elected, and Somro was again elected chairman.

[Government] In August 2004, the 23rd government of Pakistan was sworn in. Cabinet members include:

There are also 27 State Ministers and three Premier Advisors.

[Administrative Division] The country is divided into four provinces, ten federally-administered tribal areas and the federal capital Islamabad. Each province has its own district, county, township and village associations.

[Judiciary] The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, and the provinces have high courts, each composed of a chief justice and several judges. The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Sheikh Riaz Ahmed, who took office on February 1, 2002. The National Attorney General is established throughout the country, and provincial procurators are set up in each province. Pakistan’s current Attorney General Aziz A Munshi.

[URL] Government website; Ministry of Foreign Affairs website www.mofa.gov.pk.

[Party] Pakistan implements a multi-party system. There are about 200 existing political parties and many factions. The current national major parties mainly include:

(1) Pakistan Muslim League (leadership) [ Pakistan Muslim League (QA ) ]: Established on March 25, 2001. The current chairman is Chowdhury Shujat Hussein. After splitting from the Muslim League (Xiepai), the party attracted many of its famous politicians to join and won a third of seats in the election of local and regional counties and mayors in 2001, becoming an important part of Pakistan’s political arena. Political power. In the 2002 national election, the party won 118 seats and 35 seats in the National Assembly and the Senate, becoming the largest party in the two houses, and in November of the same year formed a governing coalition with several other small parties.

(2) Pakistan People's Party: The People's Party (PPP) for short, was established in December 1967. The main forces are in Sindh and Punjab provinces. Advocates parliamentary democracy, freedom and equality, and economic privatization. In December 1993, the Central People's Party Executive Committee unanimously elected Benazir Bhutto as its chairman and Nusrat Bhutto as guardian. The party suffered a disastrous defeat in the February 1997 election and won only 18 National Assembly seats, but it is still the largest opposition party. In March 1998, the People’s Party took the lead to form an opposition alliance with the other 16 parties “Pakistan People’s Alliance” (PAI). In February 1999, Be Bhutto was elected as the party's lifelong chairman. In April, Bhutto was deprived of his parliamentary status for accepting bribes and was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment. He is now exiled overseas. In the 2002 general election, the People's Party Parliamentary Party (PPPP) won 81 and 11 seats in the National Assembly and Senate, becoming the largest opposition force in the parliament.

(3) Mutahidda Majlis-e-Amal: Abbreviated MMA. Established in January 2002, it is composed of the Pakistani Theological Society (Nurani School), Islamic Theological Society (Safa School), Islamic Theological Society (French School), Islamic Promotion Association, Jaffrey Canon Movement Party and Hadith Party, etc. The six religious parties are the election leagues that have won national elections. Chairman Shahhamad Nulani (President of Pakistan Society of Nushu, passed away in December 2003), Vice Chairman Sajid Ali Nakwe (chairman of the Jaffray National Leadership Party). The coalition opposes Musharraf’s referendum plan and revision of the constitution. In the national election in 2002, the coalition won 60 and 18 seats in the National Assembly and the Senate respectively, becoming the third largest political force in the National Assembly and the second largest political force in the Senate, and it is alone in the northwestern province.

(4) Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Sharif): referred to as PML-N. Founded in 1906 as the All India Muslim League, it was renamed the Pakistan Muslim League in 1947. In the early 1980s, it was divided. In January 1986, it was reorganized by the Muslim League Pagaro. There was a split before the election in November 1988 and they were re-merged. The party constitution stipulates the realization of political, social, and economic reforms in Pakistan. After the death of Mohammad Khan Junejo, the chairman, on March 18, 1993, the Muslim League split into the Sharif and the Neeju faction (also known as the Chata faction). In the same year's general election, Mu Meng (Xie) became the second largest party in Pakistan and the largest opposition party. In the general election in February 1997, Mu Meng (Xie) won a victory in the Pakistani National Assembly with a 2/3 majority of seats to form a government. The chairman of the party, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, became the prime minister. On October 12, 1999, Army Chief of Staff Musharraf took over the government. Sharif was arrested and sentenced. His wife, Kursum, represented the party. In November 2000, some leaders of the Muslim League, led by Shujat Hussein, opposed to joining the National Democratic Alliance and the BJP, clashed with leaders such as Kursum. The former constitutes the Muslim League (Hakiki faction), the latter is still the Muslim League (Sharif), and Sharif is the chairman. On December 10th, Sharif was detained and exiled to Saudi Arabia. She thanked former Minister of Health Hashimi as the acting chairman of Mumeng (Xie). In the 2002 general election, Mu Meng (Xiepai) won 19 seats and 4 seats in the National Assembly and Senate.

(5) Muttahidah Qaumi Movement: Originally known as the Migrant Movement, or MQM. Founded in 1984. Its members are mainly Indian immigrants and their descendants when India and Pakistan divide. The requirement to increase political status and safeguard its legitimate rights and interests is mainly affecting other major cities in Karachi and Sindh. In 1992, the party split into the Altafists (mainstream faction) and the Hakiqi faction (genitive factions). The Aleppo was elected in the 1993 general election. In the 1997 election, it won 12 seats in the National Assembly and joined forces with the Muslim League (Xie). In August 1998, he announced that he would withdraw from the ruling coalition of Mumont (Xie). In the October 2002 general election, the party won 17 and 6 seats in the National Assembly and Senate, and formed a joint cabinet with the Muslim League (Lead Leader).

Other parties include: National League, National Alliance for Restoration, Justice Movement Party, Pakistan National Party, etc.

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