Meirui two scientists cracked the evolution of Y chromosome
Selective streamlining of key genes supporting fertility
The Y chromosome lost a large number of genes during the evolution process, but the process of losing the gene stopped about 2.5 million years ago, leaving less than 100 stable ancestral genes. Two articles on genetics published in the British journal Nature published on April 24th, which provide new insights into the evolution and function of the Y chromosome. The two articles together pointed out that the carefully preserved genes are stable due to dose and are closely related to the expression of some other genes.
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes of most mammals (including humans), and the sex chromosome that males have but not females is the Y chromosome. But unlike the X chromosome, which is homologous to it, the genes on the human Y chromosome are less and less in the evolution of millions of years, retaining only three percent of the ancestral genes, and the X chromosome is in the process of evolution. Almost all of the 2000 genes were preserved.
Due to the large number of repetitive sequences, the reconstruction of the Y chromosome is not easy, and has long restricted sequencing and related evolutionary studies. But evolutionary geneticist Henrik Kashman of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland and his research team used their own development of a new sequencing technology to study the evolution of the Y chromosomes of 15 representative mammals. Their analysis showed that although some genes on the Y chromosome evolved new functions, most of the genes on the Y chromosome may be affected by dose limits, retaining the original function.
Another report published at the same time was given by the Daniel Belot team of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In this independent study of the Y chromosomes of eight mammals, they determined the deviation of the gene content, which also showed that the survival rate of the Y chromosome gene was not random, and the dose limit was to retain the ancestral gene on the Y chromosome. The important choice pressure. The research team suggested that in addition to participating in the formation of testes and the production of sperm, the Y chromosome is also necessary for male survival.
The Daniel Belott team also believes that the evolutionary history and function of the Y chromosome helps to understand the underlying causes of differences in health between the two sexes and to help identify the pathogenesis and treatment of a range of genetic diseases. 
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