Packaging Materials Research--Overview

[ABSTRACT] Packaging materials science is a cross subject between material science and packaging industry, and it is also a new industry. According to the characteristics of its industry, the author elaborates on the packaging functional materials, from the classification and performance of various functional materials today. In terms of functional division and other aspects, the overall introduction to the characteristics, prospects and related industrial background of packaging functional materials, and actively explore the direction of its development, to discuss certain issues encountered in China's packaging materials industry such as: environmental protection, efficiency, industry level, etc. .

Keywords: Packaging Functional materials

Overview

Functional materials are a branch of material that accompanies the industrial revolution. They can also describe the classification of pairs of materials. Functional materials are defined as materials that have special properties. They can be defined according to the type of material they belong to, or they can be Divided by the field of material application; that is, functional materials are specifically defined by their subjective and objective attributes. For example: ceramic was used as a container material at the beginning of its invention, its functional characteristics are limited to good barrier properties, good stiffness, and good stability. But nowadays, ceramics is used in mechanical manufacturing, and it uses its high hardness, high temperature resistance, and wear resistance features. In the engine manufacturing technology that has been put into production, ceramics are used in cylinders, pistons, and bearings. , Highly abrasive environment, and more and more used for the manufacture of other parts.

In fact, the definition of functional materials originated from Bell Laboratories. In 1965, Dr. JA Morton proposed the definition of functional materials: "With excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, acoustic, mechanical, chemical and biological functions and their mutual The transformed function is used for high-tech materials that are not structural."

Going back to our theme, packaging functional materials is the use of materials with special functions in the product packaging process. Specific to the actual production process of the packaging, various functional materials are used in different categories, for example, food packaging is widely used non-toxic, shading , Easily degradable materials; while in the shipping industry are widely used corrosion-resistant, high strength, high rigidity engineering plastics as the preferred material.

Today, with the rapid development of the material industry, more and more new materials are being manufactured and have excellent performance that cannot be achieved with previous materials. For packaging materials, there are composite flexible packaging materials and fresh packaging materials. , barrier packaging materials, decomposable packaging materials and so on. In recent years, the development of nanotechnology has also caused tremendous innovation in the packaging materials industry. We know that nanomaterials generally refer to particles in the size range of 1-100 nm, which is the transitional zone between the atomic clusters and macroscopic objects. A typical mesoscopic system. After the ordinary materials are made into the order of nano materials, the nano materials have excellent special functions such as light, force, sound, electricity, heat, magnetism, projection, and absorption, and it will have extremely unique four major effects: 1 small Size effect or volume effect; 2 surface effect and interface effect; 3 quantum size effect; 4 macro quantum tunnel effect. Due to the above four effects, nanomaterials exhibit the following properties: 1 high strength and high toughness; 2 high thermal expansion coefficient, high specific heat and low melting point; 3 abnormal electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility; 4 extremely strong wave absorbing property; Diffusion. It is for these reasons that nanomaterials have been rapidly developed in the packaging industry.

First of all, let's look at the preparation of nanomaterials. The preparation methods of nanomaterials include: physical and chemical methods. The physical preparation methods mainly involve physical changes such as evaporation, melting, solidification, deformation and particle size reduction, and specifically include a pulverization method, an evaporation condensation method, an ion sputtering method, a freeze-drying method, an electric spark discharge method, and an explosion sintering method. . The process of chemically preparing nanoparticles usually involves a basic chemical reaction. During the reaction, the atoms in the material are organized and arranged, which determines the existence of the substance. The chemical methods mainly include gas-phase chemical reaction method, precipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, spray thermal conductivity method, sol-gel method, r-ray irradiation method, and phase transfer method. On this basis, there are five types of nanocomposite materials that we can use: nanocomposite preparation methods: (1) high-energy ball milling; (2) combustion synthesis; (3) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ); (4) Melt blending method; (5) Intrusion method (Silicon layer composite technology). In this way, we can get nanocomposites. What kind of applications does nanocomposite have?

Let's first look at the definition of nanopacks. The definition of nano packaging: Although there is no accurate definition of nano packaging, but from the perspective of nano science, nano packaging reflects the use of nano materials, nanotechnology for packaging products nano synthesis, nano addition, nano modification, make It is a general name for new physical properties of packaging that have nanostructures, dimensions, and specific functions. Nano packaging has four elements, nano packaging material elements, nano packaging container elements, nano packaging technology elements, and nano packaging information elements. Nano-packaging material: It refers to the system of nano-composite packaging materials made of nano-particles or nano-composite materials with a dispersed phase size of 1-100 nm nano-particles or crystals and other packaging materials. The object and task of nano packaging research are: to study the movement state and law of nano-packaging materials in the process of logistics, the law of the physical properties of nano-packages and the preparation technology; to study the relationship between nano-packaging and multi-disciplinary, and to propose a new packaging Concept, improve and create new packaging technology and decoration technology, shorten the process of engineering, industrialization and commercialization of existing packaging companies and nano-packaging.

(to be continued)