This will not be an easy topic.
After more than 50 years of wind and rain, the printing machine manufacturing industry of almost the same age as the Republic divided into the current pattern: more than 400 printing machine manufacturing enterprises, mostly small and medium-sized; From the perspective of strength, Beiren and Shanghai printing bags are far from the top of the list; from the perspective of product categories, small offset press manufacturers are close to 1/6.
If technology is the life of manufacturing companies, technological innovation should be the source of life. Without the ability to innovate, companies lose the fundamental guarantee of sustaining their lives.
Unfortunately, in China's manufacturing industry, innovation capabilities are generally lacking: imitation starts, research and development capabilities are weak, and core technologies are difficult to upgrade. Used to fight for a Chinese manufacturing enterprise in the mid-to-low-end market, the high-end in the manufacturing field has always been hard to find. Behavior affects results. Therefore, in the eyes of the world, Made in China has become synonymous with low-end and low-end.
China's printing machinery manufacturing industry was born in such a big environment.
In the exploration on the road of innovation, it is not too late for the domestic printer industry to start.
Since the 1980s, a handful of printer companies headed by the above and northerners have successively embarked on a journey of investment and cooperation.
From the introduction of technology to the introduction of intelligence, from the introduction of capital to cross-border mergers and acquisitions, Chinese printer companies have tried a variety of cooperation methods and partners. Over the past 20 years, what the Indian printers say the most and still do the most is still to "be a good student first, and then talk about development."
After various attempts, Chinese printing machine companies submitted such a transcript: According to statistics from the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association, the domestic printing equipment export volume was US $ 40 million in 2001, which had more than tripled in 2003 and rose to 150 million US dollars. Through the fresh figures, we have seen the increasing strength and ambition of the domestic printer industry.
However, "we are studying, making progress, and making progress abroad is faster". Another set of figures disclosed at the same time as the above figures reflects a fact that is not optimistic: imports have surged and are much larger than exports. Taking 2003 as an example, the import value reached US $ 1.6 billion that year, which was more than 10 times the export value during the same period. Of the US $ 1.6 billion, only the import value of offset printing machines was divided by nearly 1/2 share.
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"First-class equipment looks at Germany, second-rate equipment looks at Japan, and third-rate equipment looks at China." For everyone who is concerned about the printing industry, this sentence and even the various deductive versions derived from this sentence are no stranger.
Some people say that China's printer industry is sad, and even today, there are still no major breakthroughs in certain key technology areas.
It is also said that China's printer industry is strong, never giving up, and has developed hundreds of varieties by its own power.
Others said that China's printing industry is easy to learn and is good at using external forces to hold hands with giants to improve the starting point.
Connecting China's printer industry from different perspectives may be a complete picture of the current status of China's printer technology. The gap exists objectively and must be faced squarely. However, we should also see the efforts and attempts made by domestic printer companies to shorten these gaps.
Whether it is cooperation, foreign investment or cross-border mergers and acquisitions, what we want to say here is that borrowing is the way, and breakthroughs are the final results we expect.
Beiren mode
"To understand the current status of technological breakthroughs in the domestic printer industry, start with Beiren and Shanghai Printing Package." In the Chinese printing press industry, Beiren and Shanghai printing packages are like two flags. This is a conventional statement, and it is a testimony to the strength of the two major groups. In the sales revenue statistics of 42 major companies in the printing industry in 2003, only Beiren and Shanghai Yinbao accounted for half of the country. With a 63% share, other companies can only look at their own merits.
"If the Shanghai Yinbao is a joint fleet, the Beiren is an aircraft carrier," Han Xiaoliang, a consultant at the Beijing Printing Machinery Research Institute, made an analogy.
In the early technology development strategy, Beiren paid more attention to "introverted". From the 1980s to the mid-1990s, Beiren absorbed a group of more difficult-to-operate enterprises through mergers and reorganizations and injected its own products. Soon, Beiren expanded rapidly in scale and the number of employees expanded from 1,000 Tens of thousands. However, in addition to output products, no major breakthroughs have been made in the subsequent research and development and innovation of core products. So the Northerners in the later period began to try out-oriented technology development strategies.
The first few years of the 21st century were the period when the Northerners had the closest contact with foreign parties (mainly internationally renowned manufacturers). In the media and on the corporate website, we can often see the words: President of a certain international manufacturer visits and communicates with Beiren. Frequent external exchanges are easily reminiscent of the meaning behind it, although these actions did not bring substantial results afterwards.
While maintaining frequent contacts with foreign parties, the Beiren are also trying other ways of cooperation in improving key technologies.
For example, in terms of sheet-fed offset presses, Beiren actively introduces intelligence, and experts outside the United Nations develop and improve key products. One of the actions is to integrate the technical strength of domestic and foreign experts to design and develop folio, four-color and four-color offset presses with independent intellectual property rights.
For example, in terms of web offset presses, Beiren tried to develop in cooperation with foreign companies. In 2002, Beiren cooperated with American GI Company to develop 578 size commercial printing press.
In the pre-press and post-press fields that were not originally strong areas, Beiren also adopted various forms of cooperative development. OEM sales of TSK (Tokyo Publishing Machinery Co., Ltd.) wireless binding line in Japan; cooperation with the United States to produce a vertical hot stamping die cutting machine with international advanced level; signed a cooperation agreement with Sai Angel to jointly produce color inkjet It is planned to use digital technology to comprehensively transform Beiren products and take the lead in the field of packaging and printing; the successful transfer of the Japanese horse-riding linkage technology has enabled Beiren to open the domestic market in a relatively short period of time. Has become the leading product after printing.
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These reports, which appeared in the media, may be just the tip of the iceberg that the Northerners used to break through.
"The core technology of printing machine manufacturing is actually in the field of offset printing machines. Beiren cannot always relax the improvement of offset printing machine manufacturing technology. In our view, this is always the most important aspect." Lu Changan, general manager of Beiren Group Emphasize.
Shanghai model
"Shanghai Printing Pack can reach today, the joint venture strategy has played a crucial role." Dai Yuanlun, Executive Deputy General Manager of Shanghai Electric Group Printing Packing Machinery Co., Ltd.
In terms of the choice of borrowing mode, Shanghai Yinbao and Beiren take different paths.
The earliest and largest joint ventures in the printing press industry were born in Shanghai. Due to the early joint venture, great efforts, and remarkable results, Shanghai Yinbao was also hailed as a "joint venture sample in the printing machine industry".
"The understanding of a joint venture is actually a process," Dai Yuanlun said. "Early joint ventures were basically controlled by the Chinese side, with foreign participation in the shares. With the help of foreign funds and mechanisms, the market and technology depended on ourselves. With this model, Shanghai Yinbao took out high-quality assets and gradually established a batch of joint ventures including Yahua. As the competitive environment changed, Shanghai Yinbao began to try other ways of cooperation, looking for 'three has' Technology, market, and funds) joint venture partners, the Shanghai Municipal Government at the time also advocated this approach, so we found the American Gauss and agreed to be controlled by the US. Shanghai Gauss was established in 1993. "
Today, in addition to Yahua and Shanghai Gauss, Shanghai Yinbao Group also owns several joint venture companies such as Ziguang, Guanghua and Shenweida. These companies specialize in different fields. For example, Shanghai Gauss is famous for the production of printing presses, Guanghua specializes in the field of offset printing machines, and Shenweida focuses on the production of paper cutting machines. In the top ten of the sales revenue of 48 major companies in the printing machine industry in the first three quarters of 2004, the joint ventures of Shanghai Yinbao were all shortlisted.
"There is no ready-made model to learn from, and everyone is moving forward. The equity adjustments of Guanghua and Ziguang reflect the common strategic needs of both Chinese and foreign partners." Dai recalled this history.
Since it is a trial and error, with successful experience, there will inevitably be lessons from failure. Yan'an Machinery Factory is perhaps the most typical example. According to reports, this is the earliest domestic enterprise to make sheetfed offset presses, and its main products are four-sheet sheetfed offset presses. After the joint venture, it no longer exists because of poor management. "It can't be said that the joint venture solves the problem. The joint venture only solves the problem of mechanism and capital. The key is that the enterprise must continuously improve the technical level and product quality according to market demand to win the market and benefit." Some analysts pointed out.
As the largest joint venture in China's printing industry, Shanghai Gauss has firmly occupied the position of "export major" after more than 10 years of development. Taking 2004 as an example, in the first three quarters, Shanghai Gauss's export delivery value exceeded 130 million Yuan, accounting for 42.3% of all domestic exports. Because of the good investment efficiency, the CEO of American Gauss gave Shanghai Gauss a high rating and compared it to "a jewel in the crown".
Shanghai Gauss's export achievements are obvious to all, but its development quality is quite controversial in the industry. The focus of the debate is the mastery of the core technology. Some people pointed out that in the course of more than ten years of joint ventures, Shanghai Gauss most of the time played a role as an “foundry workshopâ€, and the core technology is still in the hands of foreign parties. This obviously violates the original intention of the joint venture; The quality of Gaussian products has indeed been greatly improved from before, but there is no new improvement in the grade.
Relevant people obviously do not agree with this statement. In its view, only by mastering a certain manufacturing capacity can it be further developed. "Our idea is very simple, be a good student and develop as soon as possible. Maybe you don't feel it yourself, in fact you have risen to a higher level. Conversely, if we do not perform well, it is impossible for the US to get the SSC Made in China. "
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