I. Current Status of China's Printing Industry According to the requirements of the General Office of the State Council, from the end of 1998 to the end of June 2000, the Press and Publication Administration, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce jointly organized a relatively in-depth clean-up and rectification of the printing industry. The clean-up and reorganization process lasted one and a half years and it is now over. According to clean-up and rectification, it has been found that there are 185,103 printing companies in the country and employs 3.5 million people. Through rectification and compression of 82,189 existing printing enterprises across the country, there are 15,1955 corporate mergers, photocopying and printing with a total of 69,766 companies and employs 3 million people. Among the more than 80,000 printing companies, there are 8,152 publications and printing enterprises (including 2,843 special-purpose publishing, platemaking, and binding companies), 20,409 print and packaging print products, and 53,628 other printed products. In the more than 80,000 printing enterprises, there are 7880 companies in China accounting for 9.6%; 30,219 collective enterprises, accounting for 36.8%; 2295, “three-funded†printing companies, accounting for 2.8%; and 7,045 limited liability companies and joint-stock companies, accounting for 8.6 %; individual and private enterprises 32,998, accounting for 40.1%; other companies 1,752, accounting for 2.1%. From the perspective of the classification of the above-mentioned printing companies, the composition of the ownership economy components, and the proportions thereof, our country's printing industry has basically formed different categories and levels, and the state-owned, collective, joint-stock, private, private, and foreign-funded industries are the mainstay of the public economy. The pattern of coexistence of enterprises with multiple ownership systems is basically in line with the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee.
Second, the general environment facing China's printing industry At present, China is in a critical period of economic restructuring. The deepening of the reform of state-owned printing enterprises, the establishment of a national unified market system, and the further improvement of China's market economic system will lead the printing companies in China to Standardized market competition removes obstacles.
The political situation in China will continue to be stable, the macroeconomic environment will continue to improve, and the national economy will maintain a rapid growth rate. This provides a more relaxed political and economic environment for the development of the printing industry.
At the same time, the concept of knowledge economy, sustainable development, etc., and the vigorous development of the new technology revolution represented by information technology will bring about the renewal of the social development model and will profoundly influence the future development of printing companies. Among them, it is worth mentioning that the flourishing development of non-paper media will surely have a serious impact on traditional media using paper as a medium.
In particular, with the further development of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WT0) and economic globalization, on the one hand, the domestic printing market will gradually be liberalized, which will bring new challenges to the development of China’s national printing industry; on the other hand, Foreign advanced equipment technology and management experience will also be introduced to China more quickly. This provides powerful conditions for the development of China's national printing industry and its active participation in the international market for division of labor and competition.
Third, the current major problems in China's printing industry 1. Imbalance between supply and demand in the printing market. In recent years, due to historical and current institutional reasons, printing companies have been in a state of natural economy for who uses, who builds, who controls, and who controls. In the past few years, blindly on projects, the expansion of printing production capacity has caused a serious imbalance in the printing market. One point is particularly prominent in the print market. According to statistics on the publications and printing markets in the three years 1997-1999, only the printed output of books and printed two-year fixed-point enterprises that have actually been completed in the year has almost reached or exceeded the actual number of publications actually published in the local publication year. In total, there are only 1,500 printing and fixed-point enterprises in two-level books and periodicals, and less than 20% of the more than 8,000 publications and printing companies are unreachable. The production status of the remaining 80% of the publications and printing companies can be imagined. According to statistics on 1999 fixed-point printing of 1228 two-level books and periodicals, there are 744 profit units, 454 loss-making units, 37% of total loss units, total profit of 766 million yuan, and loss-making unit loss of 361 million yuan. Profits and losses reached a total of 405 million yuan in profits. The above figures indicate that although the profit unit and profit amount are greater than the loss unit and loss amount, the overall profitability situation is not satisfactory.
2. The structural contradiction in the printing industry will be further highlighted. With the overcapacity of production, another long-standing problem in China's printing industry is that the industrial structure of the printing industry includes the layout of production forces, ownership structure, organizational structure, and product structure, and the further improvement of China's socialist market economic system and the national economy. Sustained, rapid and healthy development is not suitable. This inadaptability is particularly manifested in the fact that the state-owned printing enterprises are overstaffed and labor productivity is low; the middle and low-end monochromatic production capacity in the printing industry is in excess, and the high-end multicolor production capacity is seriously insufficient; in fact, under the market economy conditions, the industrial structure is Contradictions have become a serious obstacle to the development of the printing industry.
3. The level of printing equipment is relatively backward. Although China’s printing companies have undergone five five-year technological transformation and introduction of “6th Five-Yearâ€, “Seventh Five-Yearâ€, “Eighth Five-Year†and “Ninth Five-Year†years, there has been a qualitative leap in the level of printing equipment and great progress has been made. At present, the overall level of equipment compared with the level of developed countries in the world, and the gap between the three foreign-funded printing enterprises is still very large. Many of our state-owned, collective, joint-stock, private-owned, private, and private companies are still in single-unit, single-unit farm-style production methods. There has been no scale, specialized production, no advantages, and even some printed books and publications. The national fixed-point enterprises still use old lead-plated and lead-printed technologies, which obviously lacks competitive strength in the market competition. The lag in the level of equipment will bring about a series of problems such as product quality and business efficiency. Management tools are relatively backward. With the rapid development of high-tech and rapid development, the management methods of printing companies mainly refer to the relatively backward levels of management software and hardware.
Fourth, finally put forward the idea of ​​actively promoting the cross-century development of China's printing industry 1. To provide a fair and competitive market environment. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, China's printing industry has achieved unprecedented rapid development, but at the same time, the trend of blindness in the development of the printing industry is also very clear, and there is a certain degree of confusion in the printing market. This shows that China The printing market is still immature. Therefore, an important task for the development of China's printing industry in the future is to further purify the printing market, to promote the gradual maturity and improvement of China's printing market, and to establish a fair and orderly, healthy and orderly printing market.
2. Accelerate the strategic adjustment of the industrial structure of the printing industry. To adapt to the general trend of global industrial restructuring and the new situation of China’s economic and social development, we must actively promote institutional innovation and technological innovation in the printing industry, strive to emerge from a market-oriented approach, take enterprises as the main body, and take technical progress and industrial upgrading as the Supporting the leap-forward development of new ways. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies to transform the traditional printing industry, and to integrate the transformation of the traditional printing industry with the development of new and high-tech industries; to adopt necessary administrative means, to shut down the printing enterprises with inferior product quality and illegal and law-breaking, and to eliminate backward equipment. Technology, continue to compress low-level production capacity; in accordance with the principle of specialization and division of labor and economies of scale, we must actively promote the restructuring and transformation of printing enterprises, and accelerate the pace of organizational restructuring of state-owned printing enterprises and the construction of modern enterprise systems. Only in this way can we adapt to the two fundamental changes in the economic system and economic growth mode and expand the requirements for opening up to the outside world, and promote the printing industry from expanding to connotative intensive management, so as to promote China's printing industry to achieve a higher level of qualitative leap.
3. Meet the challenges brought about by the development of information technology. The development of information technology has promoted the emergence of digital workflows and cross-media publishing technologies, and achieved the integration of printing technology with digital technology and network technology, marking the arrival of the digital and networking era of the printing industry. The rapid development of CTP, digital workflow, and cross-media publishing technology will certainly bring great impact to the traditional printing industry. From the perspective of our country, the digitization of printing has just started, and it is far from the level of the world's printing industry. There is still a big gap between the digitization and networking of the printing industry and the developed countries in the world. Therefore, in order to keep up with the pace of development of the world's printing industry, China's printing industry must rise to catch up and achieve a leaping development in the digital printing field.
4. Future printing companies should develop into multi-business integrated information production plants, becoming data processing companies and digital companies. In the era of digital information, networks and e-readers will become a wide range of information dissemination tools, and traditional prints will also exist in large numbers. Therefore, to meet the needs of the times, printing companies must actively use information resources and develop multi-media production to become multi-services. Comprehensive information production factory. Of course, this direction of development is only a forward-looking forecast for the future of printing companies. In fact, from the actual national conditions of our country, the development space for traditional printing should still be very optimistic. The on-demand printing and personalized printing market has just form.
5. Printing companies should deepen reforms and strengthen management. At present, China's printing companies have greatly improved the level of hardware equipment through the introduction of technology and equipment. However, according to statistics, the labor productivity of printing enterprises in China is still very low, generally only reaching Japan and China’s Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. About /5, some only reach 1/10. Therefore, the main reason for the current inefficiency of printing companies is not the problem of technology equipment, but the problem of backward management of enterprises. In the future, the development of printing companies should pay more attention to the scientific management of enterprises, benefit from management, establish a standard modern enterprise system, and then increase the market competitiveness of enterprises.
6. To strengthen the talent training in the printing industry. Talent is the most precious resource. Competition in today's and tomorrow's international markets is, in the final analysis, the competition of talents. Therefore, we must cultivate, attract, and use talent as a major strategic task to comprehensively improve the overall quality of China's printing industry. We must cultivate a group of people who truly understand policies, have a good market, manage well, and master modern science and technology. The combination of skilled talents and skills has created a large number of cross-century business backbones and management experts in the printing industry with strong political, professional, and positive attitudes.
7. Further promote the opening up and cooperation of China's printing industry. With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system and the gradual progress of China’s economy towards the world, the economic cooperation between China’s printing industry and foreign countries will also be closer. Especially after China's accession to the WTO, China's printing market will truly become part of the international printing market. It has become inevitable that national printing companies have joined the international competition. Therefore, we must further actively and steadily promote the opening up and cooperation of the printing industry.
8. Further promote the work of the printing industry associations, give full play to the irreplaceable role of industry associations in the bridges and bonds between the government and enterprises, actively support industry associations, rely on industry associations, and jointly promote prosperity and health of the printing industry in China. Steady development. From "electronic publishing"
Second, the general environment facing China's printing industry At present, China is in a critical period of economic restructuring. The deepening of the reform of state-owned printing enterprises, the establishment of a national unified market system, and the further improvement of China's market economic system will lead the printing companies in China to Standardized market competition removes obstacles.
The political situation in China will continue to be stable, the macroeconomic environment will continue to improve, and the national economy will maintain a rapid growth rate. This provides a more relaxed political and economic environment for the development of the printing industry.
At the same time, the concept of knowledge economy, sustainable development, etc., and the vigorous development of the new technology revolution represented by information technology will bring about the renewal of the social development model and will profoundly influence the future development of printing companies. Among them, it is worth mentioning that the flourishing development of non-paper media will surely have a serious impact on traditional media using paper as a medium.
In particular, with the further development of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WT0) and economic globalization, on the one hand, the domestic printing market will gradually be liberalized, which will bring new challenges to the development of China’s national printing industry; on the other hand, Foreign advanced equipment technology and management experience will also be introduced to China more quickly. This provides powerful conditions for the development of China's national printing industry and its active participation in the international market for division of labor and competition.
Third, the current major problems in China's printing industry 1. Imbalance between supply and demand in the printing market. In recent years, due to historical and current institutional reasons, printing companies have been in a state of natural economy for who uses, who builds, who controls, and who controls. In the past few years, blindly on projects, the expansion of printing production capacity has caused a serious imbalance in the printing market. One point is particularly prominent in the print market. According to statistics on the publications and printing markets in the three years 1997-1999, only the printed output of books and printed two-year fixed-point enterprises that have actually been completed in the year has almost reached or exceeded the actual number of publications actually published in the local publication year. In total, there are only 1,500 printing and fixed-point enterprises in two-level books and periodicals, and less than 20% of the more than 8,000 publications and printing companies are unreachable. The production status of the remaining 80% of the publications and printing companies can be imagined. According to statistics on 1999 fixed-point printing of 1228 two-level books and periodicals, there are 744 profit units, 454 loss-making units, 37% of total loss units, total profit of 766 million yuan, and loss-making unit loss of 361 million yuan. Profits and losses reached a total of 405 million yuan in profits. The above figures indicate that although the profit unit and profit amount are greater than the loss unit and loss amount, the overall profitability situation is not satisfactory.
2. The structural contradiction in the printing industry will be further highlighted. With the overcapacity of production, another long-standing problem in China's printing industry is that the industrial structure of the printing industry includes the layout of production forces, ownership structure, organizational structure, and product structure, and the further improvement of China's socialist market economic system and the national economy. Sustained, rapid and healthy development is not suitable. This inadaptability is particularly manifested in the fact that the state-owned printing enterprises are overstaffed and labor productivity is low; the middle and low-end monochromatic production capacity in the printing industry is in excess, and the high-end multicolor production capacity is seriously insufficient; in fact, under the market economy conditions, the industrial structure is Contradictions have become a serious obstacle to the development of the printing industry.
3. The level of printing equipment is relatively backward. Although China’s printing companies have undergone five five-year technological transformation and introduction of “6th Five-Yearâ€, “Seventh Five-Yearâ€, “Eighth Five-Year†and “Ninth Five-Year†years, there has been a qualitative leap in the level of printing equipment and great progress has been made. At present, the overall level of equipment compared with the level of developed countries in the world, and the gap between the three foreign-funded printing enterprises is still very large. Many of our state-owned, collective, joint-stock, private-owned, private, and private companies are still in single-unit, single-unit farm-style production methods. There has been no scale, specialized production, no advantages, and even some printed books and publications. The national fixed-point enterprises still use old lead-plated and lead-printed technologies, which obviously lacks competitive strength in the market competition. The lag in the level of equipment will bring about a series of problems such as product quality and business efficiency. Management tools are relatively backward. With the rapid development of high-tech and rapid development, the management methods of printing companies mainly refer to the relatively backward levels of management software and hardware.
Fourth, finally put forward the idea of ​​actively promoting the cross-century development of China's printing industry 1. To provide a fair and competitive market environment. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, China's printing industry has achieved unprecedented rapid development, but at the same time, the trend of blindness in the development of the printing industry is also very clear, and there is a certain degree of confusion in the printing market. This shows that China The printing market is still immature. Therefore, an important task for the development of China's printing industry in the future is to further purify the printing market, to promote the gradual maturity and improvement of China's printing market, and to establish a fair and orderly, healthy and orderly printing market.
2. Accelerate the strategic adjustment of the industrial structure of the printing industry. To adapt to the general trend of global industrial restructuring and the new situation of China’s economic and social development, we must actively promote institutional innovation and technological innovation in the printing industry, strive to emerge from a market-oriented approach, take enterprises as the main body, and take technical progress and industrial upgrading as the Supporting the leap-forward development of new ways. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies to transform the traditional printing industry, and to integrate the transformation of the traditional printing industry with the development of new and high-tech industries; to adopt necessary administrative means, to shut down the printing enterprises with inferior product quality and illegal and law-breaking, and to eliminate backward equipment. Technology, continue to compress low-level production capacity; in accordance with the principle of specialization and division of labor and economies of scale, we must actively promote the restructuring and transformation of printing enterprises, and accelerate the pace of organizational restructuring of state-owned printing enterprises and the construction of modern enterprise systems. Only in this way can we adapt to the two fundamental changes in the economic system and economic growth mode and expand the requirements for opening up to the outside world, and promote the printing industry from expanding to connotative intensive management, so as to promote China's printing industry to achieve a higher level of qualitative leap.
3. Meet the challenges brought about by the development of information technology. The development of information technology has promoted the emergence of digital workflows and cross-media publishing technologies, and achieved the integration of printing technology with digital technology and network technology, marking the arrival of the digital and networking era of the printing industry. The rapid development of CTP, digital workflow, and cross-media publishing technology will certainly bring great impact to the traditional printing industry. From the perspective of our country, the digitization of printing has just started, and it is far from the level of the world's printing industry. There is still a big gap between the digitization and networking of the printing industry and the developed countries in the world. Therefore, in order to keep up with the pace of development of the world's printing industry, China's printing industry must rise to catch up and achieve a leaping development in the digital printing field.
4. Future printing companies should develop into multi-business integrated information production plants, becoming data processing companies and digital companies. In the era of digital information, networks and e-readers will become a wide range of information dissemination tools, and traditional prints will also exist in large numbers. Therefore, to meet the needs of the times, printing companies must actively use information resources and develop multi-media production to become multi-services. Comprehensive information production factory. Of course, this direction of development is only a forward-looking forecast for the future of printing companies. In fact, from the actual national conditions of our country, the development space for traditional printing should still be very optimistic. The on-demand printing and personalized printing market has just form.
5. Printing companies should deepen reforms and strengthen management. At present, China's printing companies have greatly improved the level of hardware equipment through the introduction of technology and equipment. However, according to statistics, the labor productivity of printing enterprises in China is still very low, generally only reaching Japan and China’s Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. About /5, some only reach 1/10. Therefore, the main reason for the current inefficiency of printing companies is not the problem of technology equipment, but the problem of backward management of enterprises. In the future, the development of printing companies should pay more attention to the scientific management of enterprises, benefit from management, establish a standard modern enterprise system, and then increase the market competitiveness of enterprises.
6. To strengthen the talent training in the printing industry. Talent is the most precious resource. Competition in today's and tomorrow's international markets is, in the final analysis, the competition of talents. Therefore, we must cultivate, attract, and use talent as a major strategic task to comprehensively improve the overall quality of China's printing industry. We must cultivate a group of people who truly understand policies, have a good market, manage well, and master modern science and technology. The combination of skilled talents and skills has created a large number of cross-century business backbones and management experts in the printing industry with strong political, professional, and positive attitudes.
7. Further promote the opening up and cooperation of China's printing industry. With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system and the gradual progress of China’s economy towards the world, the economic cooperation between China’s printing industry and foreign countries will also be closer. Especially after China's accession to the WTO, China's printing market will truly become part of the international printing market. It has become inevitable that national printing companies have joined the international competition. Therefore, we must further actively and steadily promote the opening up and cooperation of the printing industry.
8. Further promote the work of the printing industry associations, give full play to the irreplaceable role of industry associations in the bridges and bonds between the government and enterprises, actively support industry associations, rely on industry associations, and jointly promote prosperity and health of the printing industry in China. Steady development. From "electronic publishing"
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